Introduction a growing awareness is emerging of the impact of diabetes mellitus on us mortality and an appreciation of the factors leading to diabetic conditions. There are a number of different causes of diabetes but by far the majority of cases are classified as either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. People who have type 1 diabetes can no longer make this hormone. Such adverse conditions exist in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus gdm, and have been associated with alterations in. Plasma osteoprotegerin as a biomarker of poor glycaemic control that predicts progression of albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Outside of pregnancy, three distinct forms of diabetes mellitus are described. This group was defined as having impaired fasting glucose ifg fpg levels of 100. Delay in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus due to inaccurate use of hemoglobin a1c levels. In 1997 and 2003, the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus 4,7 recognized an intermediate group of individuals whose glucose levels, although not meeting criteria for diabetes, are nevertheless too high to be considered normal.
Review article diabetes mellitus a devastating metabolic. Enumerate the risk factors for diabetes mellitus dm diagnose dm based on blood sugar values list the preventive measures in accordance with the levels of prevention enumerate the components of selfmanagement in. Daftar pustaka glycated hemoglobin diabetes management. Articles journal of diabetes research and clinical. A 3year longitudinal cohort study angela mei chung moh, sharon li ting pek, jianjun liu, jiexun wang, tavintharan subramaniam, keven ang, chee fang sum, pek yee kwan, simon biing ming lee, wern ee tang, su chi lim.
It contains statistics about who is affected and how. Risk factors and complications of type 2 diabetes in asians. New challenges and innovative therapies article pdf available in epma journal, the 11. Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy should be diagnosed if one or more of the following criteria are met. A guidance statement from american college of physicians. Mar 11, 2014 journal of diabetes research and clinical metabolism open access journal covers special section gestational and pediatric diabetes focus on the diabetic conditions among women during pregnancy, initial screening, diagnostic performances, personal and family history of diabetes, risk assessment, treatment modifications, food safety and longterm considerations for monitering the offspring. This instrument may be cited as statement of principles concerning diabetes mellitus no. Keep your heart healthy despite diabetes by the american diabetes association this little book organizes the advice of the top cardiologists and other experts in diabetes and heart disease into tips and short lists. Endocrinology and diabetes curriculum august 2010 amendments 2012 page 4 of 62 training in endocrinology and diabetes mellitus therefore consists of the curriculum for either cmt or accs plus this specialty training curriculum for endocrinology and diabetes mellitus. The placenta and gestational diabetes mellitus springerlink. A replacing factors a and v in clause 5 with the following. Journal of diabetes research and clinical metabolism open access journal covers special section gestational and pediatric diabetes focus on the diabetic conditions among women during pregnancy, initial screening, diagnostic performances, personal and family history of diabetes, risk assessment, treatment modifications, food safety and longterm.
The world health organization has predicted that the major burden will occur in the developing countries and there will be a 42% increase. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disorder, characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from absolute or relative insulin deficiency. High blood glucose levels are symptomatic of diabetes mellitus as a consequence of inadequate pancreatic insulin secretion or poor insulindirected mobilization of glucose by target cells. Review articles journal of diabetes research and clinical. It is a genetically heterogeneous autoimmune disease affecting about 0. Pdf the association between typeii diabetes mellitus. By its location between maternal and fetal bloodstreams the human placenta not only handles the maternofetal transport of nutrients and gases, but may also be exposed to intrauterine conditions adversely affecting placental and fetal development. The global prevalence of diabetes is estimated to increase from 4% in 1995 to 5. Who recommendation on the diagnosis of gestational.
Of the total 78 patients with htn diagnosed, 63 patients reported co morbidities and the results were dominated by diabetes mellitus dm n 19, 24. Genetic studies of iddm have focused on the identification of loci associated with increased susceptibility to. Articles journal of diabetes research and clinical metabolism. The designations type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, using arabic numerals, replace the terms insulin dependent diabetes mellitus iddm and noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus niddm. A new term, ifg impaired fasting glucose, defines glucose values that are greater than or equal to 100 mgdl and up to 125 mgdl. Diabetes mellitus is an endocrinological andor metabolic disorder with an increasing global prevalence and incidence. Specific learning objectives at the end of the class the student should be able to. Intrapartum management of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus gdm page 19 of 19 may 2010 52 hod m, bar j, peled y, fried s, kat z i, itzhak m, ashkenazi s, schindel. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with longterm damage, dysfunction, and failure of differentorgans, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm is the commonest form of diabetes constituting 90% of the diabetic population. Lecturer and module leader, department of allied health sciences, botho university, botswana 2. Several pathogenic processes are involved in the development of diabetes. The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus. If left untreated, it can lead to heart disease, stroke, blindness, and kidney failure. Standards of medical care in diabetes2010 diabetes care. The type of diabetes mellitus called iddm is a disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus 40 issn 20540930 print, issn 20540949 online. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus linkedin slideshare.
The prevalence is rising and correlates with the increase in maternal obesity over recent decades. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and metabolic disorder which results from defects in a section of insulin, action of insulin, or both. Further candidates may achieve this competence after a variable period in other. Insulin controls how much sugar stays in your blood. Diabetes mellitus kann in vier hauptkategorien eingeteilt werden. The repatriation medical authority amends, under subsection 196b8 of the veterans entitlements act 1986, statement of principles concerning diabetes mellitus instrument no.
Diabetes mellitus wird deshalb volkstumlich auch zuckerkrankheit genannt. Pdf the association between typeii diabetes mellitus and. Journal of diabetes research and clinical metabolism open access journal covers special section gestational and pediatric diabetes focus on the diabetic conditions among women during pregnancy, initial screening, diagnostic performances, personal and family history of diabetes, risk assessment, treatment modifications, food safety and longterm considerations for monitering the. Primarily drugs are used to control the symptoms and save life.
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